氨氮胁迫对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis) 免疫功能的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

黄鹤忠  李义  宋学宏  王永玲  杨彩根 《海洋与湖沼》2006,37(3):198-205

在实验室条件下构建不同氨氮浓度环境和养殖时间的组间差异,研究氨氮胁迫对中华绒螯蟹免疫功能的影响。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹在NH 4-N3.0mg/L10天或1.0mg/L20天时,其血淋巴血细胞密度极显著地低于对照组(P<0.01)。NH4 -N2.0mg/L和3.0mg/L无论10天或20天,血细胞吞噬百分率均分别为显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)地低于对照组。NH4 -N3.0mg/L10天或2.0mg/L20天,血细胞吞噬指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。NH4 -N1.0mg/L和2.0mg/L分别20天时,血清溶菌酶(LSZ)活力分别为显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)地低于对照组。NH4 -N1.0—5.0mg/L10天时,血清酚氧化酶(PO)活力均极显著(P<0.01)下降;但NH4 -N1.0—4.0mg/L20天时,血清PO活力水平均比10天时有所上升。NH4 -N3.0—4.0mg/L10天或1.0—2.0mg/L20天,以及5.0mg/L10天或3.0—5.0mg/L20天时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力分别为显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)地低于对照组。上述结果表明,随着氨氮胁迫浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,会引起中华绒螯蟹血细胞数量、血细胞吞噬能力、溶菌酶活力、酚氧化酶活力和超氧化物歧化酶活力等的逐渐下降,使机体非特异性免疫防御系统遭到损伤,同时机体清除自由基的能力下降,机体细胞和组织受到伤害甚至出现死亡。  相似文献   

A climatology of mesoscale model simulated low-level wind jets over Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait, Alaska     

Haibo Liu  Peter Q. Olsson  Karl P. Volz  Han Yi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,70(4):551

Weather in the North Gulf of Alaska is characterized by a high frequency of deep synoptic-scale low-pressure systems, especially during the cold season. The strong pressure gradients of these storms interact with the extremely rugged terrain of the coastal mountains to produce a variety of channeled flows. These surface wind regimes are not well documented in the scientific community, due to the paucity of observations. Modeling of these phenomena in regions of complex terrain is of great interest to those working with hydrodynamic, wave, and pollutant transport models in coastal and shelf areas. Such models, when coupled with ocean and coastal-ecology counterparts, give a broad view of the role surface winds play in shaping local coastal marine ecosystem in this region. This paper presents a climatology of simulated low-level wind jets over the domain of Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait along Alaska's south-central coast. Daily simulations using the RAMS model were conducted in a 36-h forecast mode for the cold-season period 10/1/03 to 3/31/04. Systematic analysis of the resulting simulated low-level wind field makes it possible to characterize these jets and gap flows in spatial and temporal detail. The comparison between the RAMS winds and the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-derived winds when available verifies the existence of these wind jets and the capability of the model to simulate these cases. Clearly, the results of a study in this region depend on the fidelity of the model at these scales (O[5 km]). The SAR comparisons attempt to help establish this. From the 6 months of simulations over Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait, the low-level wind jets are classified into 10 different regimes by location and orientation. These regimes are categorized into four more general groups: cross-channel westerly, easterly, and up and down Inlet flows. The nature of a particular regime is largely a function of pressure gradient orientation and local topography. Jets in the same group have a similar occurrence distribution with time. Some form of jet occurred in the study region almost daily each month of the period, with December 2003 having the highest frequency of wind jets.  相似文献   

Effects of chemical ecological adjustment and control experiment on phytoplankton community in the Aoshan Bay     

Chen Bijuan  Zhao Jun  Xin Fuyan  Cui Yi  Guo Feng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2002,21(1):115-123

There is a low nutrient level in the Aoshan Bay. In June 1999, the chemical adjustmentand control experiment was made in the Aoshan Bay. Following tracts investigation was carried out before the experiment and on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 45th day/after the experiment. While the variance of amount of phytoplankton, the replacement of superior species and the species composition of phytoplankton were researched. The results show that the amount of phytoplankton in the Aoshan Bay rises gradually after the experiment. Ceratium macroceros Cleve of pyrophyta was the dominant species before the experiment, its dominant index was 37.7％. Six days after the experiment, its dominant index dropped to 17.6％ . Meanwhile the dominant index of Asterionella japanics Cleve rose from 7.1％ to 39.2％ , it became the first dominant species. Forty-five days after the experiment, the amount of phytoplankton in the Aoshan Bay was 5.15 to 137.32 times more than that in 1997.  相似文献   

南海东北部表层沉积中生源和矿物碎屑组分分析及其古环境意义   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9  

孟翊  严肃庄  陈荣华  张富元 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(3):17-22

通过对南海东北部128个表层沉积样品的定量研究，揭示隆源和矿物碎屑各组分的分布，也显示了组分分析作为一种简单、快速的研究方法在海洋古环境研究中的潜力，研究区生源碎屑的分布明显受与水深相关的深海溶解作用所控制，水深3500-4000m的现代南海CCD以下，钙质生物的含量急剧减少，而硅质生物的含量急剧增加，研究区表层沉积中的碎屑矿物主要来源于亚洲大陆，吕宋镐的风化产物只起次要作用，且其分布主要受与离岸距离远近和海流相关的搬运作用所控制。  相似文献   

科学大洋钻探与深部生物圈   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱毅杰  于开平  周祖翼 《海洋地质前沿》2003,19(9):13-16,26

从深海钻探计划(DSDP)在20世纪70年代最早提出海洋沉积物中细菌活动性的证据到90年代大洋钻探计划(ODP)获得了令人信服的海底深部生物的存在证据，并成为即将启动的综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)的一个优先研究领域，深部生物圈成为科学大洋钻探近年来最为重大的发现之一，同时它也将有效地促进地球科学和生物学等其他学科的交叉。  相似文献   

龙须菜在滩涂贝藻混养系统中的生态作用模拟研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

孙伟  张涛  杨红生  刘保忠  周毅  刘鹰 《海洋科学》2006,30(12):72-76

2005年5-7月,在室内采用实验生态学方法对壳长为48.35 mm±4.27 mm文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)成贝和龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis Weber-van Bosse)的4种配比(生物量配比分别为0∶1、1∶1、2∶1、4∶1)进行了混养实验,每周测定养殖水体中营养盐变化情况以及文蛤、龙须菜的存活和生长情况等。实验表明,加入了大型藻类的文蛤养殖系统,相对于空白对照组,其氨氮、亚硝氮和磷酸盐浓度显著降低,NH4-N从5.52μmol/L降至1.30μmol/L、NO2-N从0.31μmol/L降至0.06μmol/L,而PO4-P从0.48μmol/L降至0.006μmol/L。实验结束后,文蛤及龙须菜生长情况良好,文蛤特定生长率最高达到了0.84%,龙须菜最高则达到了1.79%。本实验条件下,在文蛤成贝养殖系统中加入大型藻类,对养殖水体中的NH4-N、NO2-N、PO4-P有明显的吸收效果,吸收率分别为86%、98%和99%,起到了良好的生态作用。  相似文献   

A critique of “Modeling suspended sediment distribution in continental shelf upwelling/downwelling settings”: reply     

Shu Gao  Jian-jun Jia 《Geo-Marine Letters》2005,25(6):387-388

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新型全封闭刀口联合式管口封的设计及应用     

韩贻兵  臧启运  徐孝诗 《海岸工程》2003,22(2):92-96

重力活塞取样器是海洋地质调查不可缺少的调查设备，而管口封又是重力活塞取样器的重要部件。管口封的好坏不但影响到取样器的贯入深度和取芯丰，还影响到所取岩芯的质量．介绍了一种最近研制成功的新型全封闭刀口联合式管口封。海上实验在特定海区成功的获取了17．11m的长岩芯，取样率达91．3％，创造了我国海洋地质调查用重力活塞取样器获取岩心的最长记录。该设计已通过国家知识产权局批准授予实用新型专利。  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹消化酶的初步研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

胡毅  潘鲁青 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(4):621-626

开发研制配合饲料,以酶学分析方法研究了温度、pH对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)中肠腺3种主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶)活性的影响及消化酶(蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、羧肽酶A、羧肽酶B、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和纤维素酶)在胃、中肠腺、肠道中的活性分布。结果表明:蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶的最适温度分别为55℃,55℃,65℃;蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶的最适pH分别为7~8,7.5,4.8;蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶在短时间内有很高的热稳定性及很广的酸碱稳定性范围。蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、羧肽酶A、羧肽酶B活性均以中肠腺最高,胃和肠道中没有测出胰凝乳蛋白酶活性;淀粉酶活性在胃、中肠腺、肠道中差别不大;纤维素酶和脂肪酶活性在胃和肠道高于中肠腺。  相似文献   

温州市绘就水产品发展蓝图     

吴奕 《海洋信息》2001,(3)

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